



Not many films set out to make you feel terrible about the entire arc of human civilisation, but Tadashi Imai’s 1963 Golden Bear winner gives it a proper go. Framed by a modern salaryman discovering his family’s ancestral journals, Bushido: The Cruel Code of the Samurai marches through centuries of Japanese history — feudal, imperial, wartime, corporate — finding the same rotten master-servant dynamic in every era.
Kinnosuke Nakamura plays every downtrodden servant across the generations, transforming so completely it took me a while to realise it was one actor throughout. Some sections play closer to horror than period drama, and the parade of loathsome lords never lets up.
It belongs to a wave of Japanese films that attacked romanticised samurai mythology — and Imai ticks off imperialism, feudalism, fascism, and sadism before landing you squarely in a corporate boardroom. Point made.