From the stage play of the same name by 18 year old Sheelagh Delaney with the author writing the screenplay for the film and directed by Tony Richardson, this is a superb example of the 'British New Wave' / 'social realism' / 'kitchen sink' dramas of the late 1950s / early 1960s.
Set in Salford, it tells the story of a schoolgirl (Jo, played by Rita Tushingham) who lives with her mother (Helen, played by Dora Bryan). Jo meets a young black seaman and falls pregnant. Mother leaves to marry her fancy man. Jo leaves school, goes to work in a shoe shop, meets a gay man, finds a cheap run-down room, and allows the gay man (Geoffrey, played by Murray Melvin) to live there. Mother returns, her new marriage having failed, and muscles Jo's friend out...
So far, so grim. What sets this apart is not only the context (in 1961 it was almost unheard of for a film to mention mixed race relationships, let alone pregnant schoolgirls and homosexuality), the fact that the film was made on location, the period details (Manchester Ship Canal with shipping, cobbled streets, children playing in the streets, playground songs, clothes, school uniform, boys in short trousers, dancing, outings to Blackpool etc), and of course the quality of the acting. Dora Bryan was an established performer and Murray Melvin had the same part in the stage production, but Rita Tushingham was a newcomer.
The accents too are in keeping (Dora Bryan grew up in Oldham, Rita Tushingham is from Liverpool) unlike many similar films where dodgy accents abound.
The film won four BAFTAs – Best Screenplay, Best Actress (Dora Bryan) and Best Newcomer (Rita Tushingham) – as well as assorted other awards. It thoroughly deserved them, and while it is a little 'stagey' (it was after all derived from a stage play) and somewhat dated, it still feels like an authentic, gritty slice of a life perhaps now gone, but not far away... Highly recommended – 5/5 stars.
This standout of the British New Wave creates a deeper impression of a northern underclass than any of its contemporaries. We see plenty of the authentic Salford locations, and the cold damp of the interiors- though director Tony Richardson's excess of documentary realism is now more of historic interest.
What survives most vividly is the melancholy of Shelagh Delaney's play. This is different from other 50s-60s reflections on working class characters who are usually taking advantage of a trickle down of opportunity and prosperity. And imparting a new, unfamiliar vernacular.
This is about people who economic upturns never reach- the poor and the uneducated- rather than a new idea about the proletariat. The plot is deliberately ordinary. A pregnant schoolgirl brought up by a feckless mum struggles to make sense of the awkward facts of adult life...
Richardson was immensely fortunate to cast 18 year old Rita Tushingham in her debut role, with Dora Bryan ideal as the mother. But it's Delaney's lines which haunt the memory... It's the sad poetry of the teenager's vulnerability (it's not the darkness outside that scares me...) that makes this a landmark of UK cinema.
The two previous reviewers have summed up the best aspects of this excellent Tony Richardson classic.
The blu-ray disc contains an enjoyable and informative Q & A with Rita Tushingham and Murray Melvin, plus other useful extras.
One of the most interesting aspects from the vantage point of 2020, nearly sixty years since the film was released, is the comparison between Shelagh Delaney's script and the work of the male writers of British films in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The gender issues, along with race and homophobia, are much more in the foreground than in any other UK films of the period. There's a case for saying that Delaney's original stage text was a little more daring than the film version.
Above all the film is carried along by a restless energy and a growing sense that this is a story that will not have a happy ending, and the film is all the better for that.